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.TH "iast" "1" "16 October 2020" "sanskrit-iast" "Sanskrit Transliteration" .TH "iast" "1" "16 April 2021" "sanskrit-iast" "Sanskrit Transliteration"
.SH NAME .SH NAME
.B iast .B iast
- a helper for Sanskrit transliteration - a program for Sanskrit transliteration
.SH SYNOPSIS .SH SYNOPSIS
.SY iast .SY iast
.OP -h
.OP -v
.RB [ -f .RB [ -f
.IR FILE ]...\& .IR FILE ]...\&
.RB [ -r " |" .RI [ "TEXT ARGUMENTS" ]...
.BR -c " |" .br
.BR -e ] .SY iast
.B -r
.RB [ -f
.IR FILE ]...\&
.RI [ "TEXT ARGUMENTS" ]...
.br
.SY iast
.B -e
.RB [ -f
.IR FILE ]...\&
.RI [ "TEXT ARGUMENTS" ]... .RI [ "TEXT ARGUMENTS" ]...
.YS .YS
.SH DESCRIPTION .SH INTRODUCTION
\fBiast\fR is a tool for the lossless transliteration of Sanskrit terms written .B iast
in Devanagari into Latin using the IAST scheme (International Alphabet of is a tool for the lossless transliteration of Sanskrit texts from Devanagari
Sanskrit Transliteration). to the Latin alphabet using the
.I IAST
The program allows to perform transliteration either on all non-option scheme (International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration). It should be
arguments or on whole files specified by the \fB-f\fR option. By default, it noted that as the
performs transliteration from Devanagari to a corresponding romanised version, .I IAST
but using the \fB-r\fR switch, reverse transliteration can be performed, converting standard does not handle the Devanagari characters with the diacritic marks
romanised texts back into Devanagari. (e.g., the nukta), it cannot be used to transliterate modern Hindi texts.
Furthermore, since there are some differences between spoken and written Hindi,
support for transliteration of Hindi texts makes no sense and is therefore
not a planned feature.
.SH OPTIONS .SH OPTIONS
.B \-f .BR \-f
.IR FILE ,
.B \-\-file
.I FILE .I FILE
.RS 4 .RS 4
Input file for processing. The input file for the transliteration. A plain text file containing a
.BR UTF-8 (7)
string is expected. When the
.I FILE
is
.BR - ,
the contents of the standard input shall be read.
.RE .RE
.B \-r .BR \-r ,
.B \-\-reverse
.RS 4 .RS 4
Use reverse transliteration (from Latin to Devanagari). Use reverse transliteration (from Latin to Devanagari).
.RE .RE
.B \-c .BR \-c ,
.B \-\-czech
.RS 4 .RS 4
Transcript a Devanagari text into Czech. Transcript a Devanagari text into Czech using only the characters of the Czech
alphabet (an experimental feature).
.RE .RE
.B \-e .BR \-e ,
.BR \-\-encode ,
.BR \-\-velthuis
.RS 4 .RS 4
Convert Velthuis scheme text to IAST representation Convert a plain
.BR ASCII (7)
string to the
.I IAST
representation using the
.I Velthuis
scheme.
.RE .RE
.B \-h .BR \-a ,
.B \-\-ascii
.RS 4 .RS 4
Show usage information and exit. Output
.I Velthuis
encoding rather than
.I IAST
characters.
.RE .RE
.B \-v .BR \-h ,
.B \-\-help
.RS 4 .RS 4
Show version number and exit. Show the usage information and exit.
.RE
.BR \-v ,
.B \-\-version
.RS 4
Show the version number and exit.
.RE .RE
.SH ENCODING .SH DESCRIPTION
When the flag \fB-e\fR is set on, the program converts strings encoded using .SS Transliteration
the Velthuis scheme (purely ASCII-encoded strings) into the special characters The program allows to perform transliteration either on all non-option
of the IAST alphabet. For example, it can convert ‘sa.msk.rtam’ to ‘saṃskṛtam’ arguments or on whole files specified by the
.B -f
option. By default, the program
performs transliteration from Devanagari to a corresponding romanised version,
but using the
.B -r
switch, reverse transliteration can be performed, converting romanised texts
back into Devanagari.
Alternatively, when the flag
.B -c
is used, the input can be transcripted for usage in the Czech language,
limiting the used characters to the common characters of the Czech alphabet
and applying some phonetic changes. Note: this transformation is not
unambiguous and it is therefore not possible to recover the original Devanagari
version again.
.SS Velthuis Encoding
When the flag
.B -e
is set on, the program converts strings encoded using the
.I Velthuis
scheme (purely
.IR ASCII -encoded
strings) into the special characters
of the
.I IAST
alphabet. For example, it can convert ‘sa.msk.rtam’ to ‘saṃskṛtam’
or ‘"saastram’ to ‘śāstram’. or ‘"saastram’ to ‘śāstram’.
The encoding scheme is based on the following principle: the characters ‘.’, The encoding scheme is based on the following principle: the characters ‘.’,
‘"’ and ‘~’ are considered to be modifiers that modify the letter that stands ‘"’ and ‘~’ are considered to be modifiers that modify the letter that stands
after the modifier. For example, if the string to be encoded contains ‘.t’, after the modifier. For example, if the string to be encoded contains the ‘.t’
it will be encoded as ‘ṭ’, the sequence ‘~n’ as ‘ñ’ and so on. Long vowels are sequence, it will be encoded as ‘ṭ’, the sequence ‘~n’ as ‘ñ’ and so on. Long
marked by doubled letter corresponding to the vowel; thus ‘aa’ is encoded to vowels are marked by doubled letter corresponding to the vowel; thus ‘aa’ will
‘ā’, ‘.rr’ to ‘ṝ’ and so on. be encoded to ‘ā’, ‘.rr’ to ‘ṝ’ and so on.
.SH AUTHOR .SH SEE ALSO
Copyright (c) 2018, 2020 Vlasta Vesely <vlastavesely@protonmail.ch> .BR ascii (7),
.BR utf8 (7).
.SH FURTHER INFORMATION
More information on Devanagari and the encoding schemes can be found on
Wikipedia:
.RS 2
.I https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari
- the Devanagari script,
.br
.I https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IAST
- the IAST scheme,
.br
.I https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velthuis
- the Velthuis scheme.
.RE
.SH REPORTING BUGS .SH REPORTING BUGS
If you encounter a bug, you should make sure that you are using the latest If you encounter a bug, you should make sure that you are using the latest
version of the software. If you do and the bug is still present, you can version of the software. If you are and the bug is still present, you can
report it using either the issues tracker on GitLab or GitHub. report it on the GitLab issues tracker:
.IR https://gitlab.com/vlastavesely/sanskrit-iast/issues .
.RS 4
GitLab: <https://gitlab.com/vlastavesely/sanskrit-iast/issues>
.br
GitHub: <https://github.com/vlastavesely/sanskrit-iast/issues>
.RE
.SH LICENSE AND WARRANTY .SH LICENSE AND WARRANTY
Copyright © 2018-2021 Vlasta Vesely
.RI < vlastavesely@protonmail.ch >.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by the the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by the
Free Software Foundation. Free Software Foundation.
@ -101,13 +185,3 @@ Free Software Foundation.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
.SH SEE ALSO
More information on the encoding schemes can be found on Wikipedia:
.RS 4
IAST scheme: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IAST>
.br
Velthuis scheme: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velthuis>
.RE